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The influence of lagged adjustment and consumer spending on retail labour productivity is investigated. Both influences result in a procyclical productivity pattern.
This research note presents a "switching regime" model to investigate the impact of environmental factors on floorspace productivity of individual retail stores. The model includes independent supply and demand functions, which are incorporated within a sales maximizing framework. Unlike previous mo
The paper considers general trends of structural change in terms of averages in the general food trade. It gives an international comparison of trends concerning average shop size, number of shops per 1,000 inhabitants, the share of independents and concentration. On the basis of the evidence, three
This research note deals with a quantitative analysis of differences in percentage gross margin between individual stores in the retail trade. A number of hypotheses on pricing behavior of storekeepers are tested using Dutch survey data from nine different types of retail stores. We define percentag
Labor and floorspace cost functions are derived for small business trade. Relationships are proposed between average volume of labor or average floorspace per establishment on the one hand, and average size per establishment, average rental paid, percentage selling space, and indicators of business
In this paper we apply Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian methods to explain differences in floorspace productivity among retail establishments in the grocery trade. The model we develop is a switching model where sales are either supply-determined or demand-determined. Under excess supply the model al
Both authors work for the Department of Basic Research, Research Institute for Small and Medium Sized Business, Zoetermeer, The Netherlands. Labour productivity differences between large and small retail businesses are here studied within the framework of a model which also allows for productivity d
Retailers' goal attainment is studied using a model consisting of relationships concerning the productivity of labour and floor-space. Evidence from large supermarkets shows that retailers concentrate on the maximisation of the value of annual sales rather than on maximising annual profit.
The influence of consumer spending on retail price setting behaviour is investigated in the context of a theory developed in previous research. The results indicate that the effect is not the same for growth and decline of spending.
Differences in labour productivity are dealt with for large French retail establishments. Influences of scale, weekly opening time, assortment composition, wage rate and share of counter service are considered. The relationship used is a result of analyses in the field of small retail establishments
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