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In this paper approximation results for the M/G/s queueing model are used to derive an empirically verified shop type dependent non-homogeneous relation between labour volume and sales in retail trade. Moreover, we formulate the retailer's labour management as a formal minimization problem.
This paper makes an attempt to illustrate the use of econometric models as frame of reference for diagnosing small firm performance. For this purpose, two models are developed explaining differences in labour productivity and profitability among Dutch flower exporters. In addition, we show how these
Labour productivity is often discussed in economic literature, yet productivity studies in wholesaling are rare. On the whole, wholesaling is a neglected area of research in contrast with its important position in the distribution channel. Our analysis of labour productivity in wholesaling makes use
In this paper a quantitative model is developed to explain differences in average store price levels. We assume that stores may operate under different economic regimes, that is, under excess capacity or excess demand. Prices are expected to be higher than average in case of an excess demand re
In the analysis of economic phenomena either within or across industries there is room for integrating the role of small business. This contribution can be made by aggregation or generalization of the findings at the meso level, which again are partly based upon analyses at the micro level. The Neth
The influence of labour costs, concentration, capacity utilization, exports and firm size on manufacturing profit margin is studied with a discrimination between small and large firms.
The study aims at contributing to the debate whether there are demand effects in models that seek to explain prices as mark-ups on costs. For costs it considers actual costs, normal costs and an intermediate model with a partial adjustment to the deviation of actual from normal costs. For demand eff
This study deals with the measurement of the effects of retail marketing instruments on annual sales in retail stores. We assume that the sales level in retail stores is determined by an interplay of supply capacity and demand factors. In some stores sales are supply-determined, whereas in other sto
This article deals with the explanation of aggregate employment in the service industries. A theoretical labour-demand relation is discussed briefly. In this relation the effect of average production scale is included. Empirical illustrations are given using Dutch data of the food retail and the hot
A model explaining gross margins in the hotel and catering sector is developed. A cost-mark-up model for the retail sector is used as a starting point. Although we have to reject the hypothesis of mark-up pricing in the hotel and catering sector, the model proves a useful instrument to discriminate
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