| Abstract |
Given a symmetric n x n matrix A, we define, for any graph G, f(A)(G) := Sigma(phi:VG ->[1,...,n]) Pi(uv is an element of EG) a(phi(u),phi(v).) We characterize for which graph parameters f there is a complex matrix A with f = f(A), and similarly for real A. We show that f(A) uniquely determines A, up to permuting rows and (simultaneously) columns. The proofs are based on the Nullstellensatz and some elementary invariant-theoretic techniques. |