| Human culture, encompassing the whole of human actions and products, is dependent on complex semiotic behaviour. This behaviour, or semiosis, generates signs, which are the building blocks of culture (images and artefacts, texts and concepts, models and theories). Those signs are also mental activities, performed by the human brain. And as activities of the human mind, they are studied in the sciences of cognition: in neurology, evolutionary psychology, linguistics, anthropology and philosophy. We are thus dealing with a three-layered structure: on the historical ?surface? we find culture, with its myriad of forms: images and artefacts, texts and concepts, models and theories. This constantly changing historical reality, however, is structured by a relatively small set of semiotic building blocks (icons, symbols, and indices). This second layer of semiotic building blocks has, in turn, a cognitive ?deep structure?: on this third layer we find the activities of the human brain. It is the aim of the project to contribute to a theory of human culture that is based on a theory of human cognition. More particularly, the project will focus upon problems of semiotic evolution ? from phylogenetic evolution to historical change ?, on its cognitive underpinnings, as well as on its impact on processes of cultural change. Questions that guide the research are, for instance: How did semiosis emerge? How did it evolve? In what sense does semiosis change the process of representation? In what sense is human cognition ?semiotic?? Which phases can be discerned in the evolution of semiosis? What could be the role played by language in semiotic evolution? How do the semiotic phases influence the cultural ?surface?? The philosophy of symbolic forms, as Ernst Cassirer (1923-1929) developed it, provides the basis for the project. Cassirer?s work will be studied from the perspective of recent (evolutionary) psychology, linguistics and anthropology, as well as that of contemporary semiotics. Both his theory of the emergence of the symbolic out of the stimulus-response reaction, and his theory of cultural evolution from the linguistic and the mythical to the theoretical, will be given a firm ground in contemporary semiotics and in cognitive science. |