| In their search for a treatment method for Alzheimer's disease, or at least an alleviation of its symptoms, Dr. van Leeuwen of the Netherlands Institute for Brain Research and Dr. Marcus of the Ruhr Universität Bochum work with transgenic mice as an animal model. However, most groups of transgenic mice are breeded for rare forms of the disease, caused by heritable mutations; for the most common form of the disease (the 'sporadic' one) no animal model is available. More suitable mice models are therefore desirable. In 1998 Van Leeuwen discovered a new type of muation. On the basis of molecular reading errors, transcripts (mRNA) may arise in which two nucleotides are missing. If these trancripts are translated in the +1 reading frame and the proteins do not decompose, they may accumulate. Indeed this appeared to be the case: in the characteristics of the disease (among other things neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques) of all Alzheimer patients two of these '+1 proteins', i.e. ubiquitin B+1 and amyloid precursor protein+1 (UBB+1 and APP+1) have been found. Meanwhile the researchers have demonstrated that UBB+1 inhibits the action of the proteasome. The proteasome is involved in the enzymatic decomposition of many (aberrating) proteins. A not well functioning ubiquitin-proteasome system may be one of the causes that eventually nerve cells become less active and even die. Recently the Nobel Prize for Chemistry has been awarded to three researchers for the discovery of this system. Also other research groups are currently involved in this and recently the hypothesis has been formulated that UBB+1 may be an important chain in the neurotoxicity of the beta-amyloid protein (present in plaques). The discovery of UBB+1 is considered to be an important step to gain more insight into the neuropathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The available group of transgenic UBB+1 mice is very useful for further research into this disease. It is the first experimental animal model with a genetically encoded, chronic inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Within the framework of this project Van Leeuwen and Marcus wish to study the influence of UBB+1 via a proteomic approach and compare the data of the control transgenic mice with those of post-mortem brain tissue of Alzheimer and control patients. They are searching for proteins which, due to transgenic overexpression of the UBB+1 protein in mouse brain, a contribute to the complex neuropathogenic processes involved in Alzheimer's disease. |