Description: As an effect of climate change, the daily living environment for many plant and animal species in the forests will change. For some species this provides the opportunity to migrate northwards, for others it will mean a contraction of their habitat. The functioning of the forest ecosystems could change if crucial species disappear, or if new insect pest species or diseases are able to invade. As a consequence, forests could loose their current carbon sink function and turn into a source, with evident negative consequences for the climate system. It is very important to identify such changes beforehand to be able to take early action in forest management. Possible actions are planting other tree species and monitoring of potential pest species. In the BACCARA project, we will study how the forest will develop in future as influenced by climate change, and what effect this will have for the role of forest in the carbon cycle. We will look explicitly at changes in tree species composition, changes in symbionts (like mycorrhiza), and changes in occurrence of pests and diseases.
Research objectives: BACCARA has as its main goal to build scientific foundations for developing tools allowing forest managers and policy makers to evaluate risk of European forest biodiversity and productivity loss under climate change. The scope of BACCARA encompasses forest composition at multiple trophic levels, i.e. assemblages of forest symbionts (mycorrhiza), producers (keystone tree species), consumers (herbivores and pathogens) and their predators. The concept of the project is to construct a 3-dimensional risk assessment model linking climate change, functional diversity, and forest productivity through a three step process:
1. Effect of climate change on forest biodiversity will be evaluated through better understanding of the influence of climatic conditions on the ecological processes that shape assemblages of forest species. 2. Relationships between forest biodiversity and functioning will be deciphered through better understanding of the role of forest species richness and composition on biomass production. 3. The information will eventually be aggregated to predict the risk of forest productivity loss, considered as a function of climate change probability (hazard), susceptibility of forest to climate change according to its diversity (vulnerability), and effect of forest diversity on biomass productivity (exposure).
Results and products: We helped to develop and fill a database with forest inventory data, with the aim of analysing differences in productivity between mixed and monospecies forests. Part of the data are derived from the Dutch Forest Reserve Monitoring Programme. With the forest simulation model ForGEM we do a similar analysis, with simulations based on an existing field trial. Furthermore, we are working on a literature review on the effect of historic climate change on tree species composition in Europe. |