Description: The milk urea content is, in potential, a very useful indicator which is already available to the farmer and which could be used to optimize protein metabolism and N-excretion by lactating cows. However, a considerable variation in milk urea content is not understood which complicates its use as an indicator. The aim of this project is to obtain an improved understanding of the backgroud of this variation. The effect of nutritional, cow and management factors need to be explored. This information information clarifies the meaning of changes in milk urea content to farmers, the dairy idustry and policy makers, and how to make better use of of milk urea content as an indicator of protein metabolism and N-excretion (and associated N-emissions).
Research objectives: The effect of nutritional, cow and management factors on variation in milk urea content will be explored. In a first phase, experiments will be conducted with lactating cows to investigate the urea transport processes of urea to and from blood, the udder (milk), the gastrointestinal tract and urine. The trials will include the use of urea labeled with stable isotopes as indicator of urea flows in the cow. In a second phase the experimental results will be analysed, parameter values for urea transport processes will be derived, and a model will be developed which allows the prediction of variation in milk urea content. The model will be used to quantify how nutritional, cow and management factors contribute to variation in milk urea content under various circumstances. It will give information on how to interprete milk urea content as an indicator of protein metabolism and N excretion by dairy cows. This insight is necessary for the farmer in order to use milk urea content to improve feeding strategy and farm management and to reduce N losses to the environment.
Results and products: The project started in 2008 when co-financing by two Commodity Boards was approved. A PhD-candidate was appointed at the Animal Nutrition Group of Wageningen University at the end of 2008, detached at Animal Nutrition group of the division of Livestock Research in Lelystad. Literature on the backgrounds of variation in milk urea that is not associated with variatio in N-excretion was reviewed. A paper is prepared that will be submitted to a scientific journal. A pilot experiment was prepared at the end of 2008 and performed at the beginning of 2009 in which infusion and sampling protocols were tested and evaluated. At the moment blood and milk samples are analyzed and form the basis for the setup of the first in a series of three trials. This trial will be conducted in 2009. |