| We study the heated Dutch debate about Muslims that sits uneasily with the country?s reputation as a vanguard of tolerance. Firstly, we analyze secondary data (1970-2008) to study its genesis. We hypothesize that polarization pertaining to Christian morality has given way to polarization pertaining to ethnic (in)tolerance, due to increased education-based differences in cultural insecurity. Secondly, we study how both types of polarization fuel PVV-voting. Analyzing new survey data, we hypothesize that PVV-voting is more typical and driven by ethnic intolerance among the lower educated, while it is less typical and driven by secular moral tolerance among the higher educated. |
