K. KustersA.J. Dietz[unknown]bosbescherming ; natuurbehoud ; niet-hout bosproducten ; armoedeverlichting ; rurale ontwikkeling--http://dare.uva.nl/record/314295enthesis978-94-90312-40-4This PhD dissertation examines the proposition that trade in non-timber forest products – such as medicinal plants, fruit and rattan – would simultaneously lead to forest conservation and rural development. In doing so, it touches on a range of related topics such as tenure security, agroforestry and the non-agricultural sector. The book contains both a meta-analysis of 55 cases in Asia, Africa and Latin America and an in-depth study of the damar resin agroforests in Sumatra, Indonesia. The findings indicate that the relationship between forest conservation and rural development is characterized by trade-offs. Policymakers and practitioners working in conservation need to acknowledge that win-win approaches are often unrealistic and sometimes even naive. Supporting agroforestry is, however, a promising strategy to achieve a balanced trade-off between conservation and development.